https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Index en-au 5 https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:12741 Wed 11 Apr 2018 16:32:46 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:53695 Wed 10 Jan 2024 10:42:01 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33644 Thu 27 Jan 2022 15:55:39 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:54299 Thu 15 Feb 2024 14:53:02 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:9499 15/year] underwent autopsy and were prospectively evaluated during 2005. High-energy (HE) and low-energy (LE) deaths were categorized based on the mechanism of the injury, time frame (prehospitalization, <48 hours, 2–7 days, >7 days), and cause [which was determined by an expert panel and included central nervous system-related (CNS), exsanguination, CNS + exsanguination, airway, multiple organ failure (MOF)]. Data are presented as a percent or the mean ± SEM. Results: There were 175 deaths during the 12-month period. For the 103 HE fatalities (age 43 ± 2 years, ISS 49 ± 2, male 63%), the predominant mechanisms were motor vehicle related (72%), falls (4%), gunshots (8%), stabs (6%), and burns (5%). In all, 66% of the patients died during the prehospital phase, 27% died after <48 hours in hospital, 5% died after 3 to 7 days in hospital, and 2% died after >7 days. CNS (33%) and exsanguination (33%) were the most common causes of deaths, followed by CNS + exsanguination (17%) and airway compromise 8%; MOF occurred in only 3%. Six percent of the deaths were undetermined. All LE deaths (n = 72, age 83 ± 1 years, ISS 14 ± 1, male 45%) were due to low falls. All LE patients died in hospital (20% <48 hours, 32% after 3–7 days, 48% after 7 days). The causes of deaths were head injury (26%) and complications of skeletal injuries (74%). Conclusions: The HE injury mechanisms, time frames, and causes in our study are different from those in the earlier, seminal reports. The classic trimodal death distribution is much more skewed to early death. Exsanguination became as frequent as lethal head injuries, but the incidence of fatal MOF is lower than reported earlier. LE trauma is responsible for 41% of the postinjury mortality, with distinct epidemiology. The LE group deserves more attention and further investigation.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:35:36 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:12776 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:18:20 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:29828 P < .001), and diverticulosis was rare in participants younger than 40 years (0.7%). All participants with diverticulosis had sigmoid involvement. Participants with diverticulosis were more likely to report loose stools (odds ratio [OR], 1.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20–2.96), urgency (OR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.02–2.63), passing mucus (OR, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.08–4.72), and a high stool frequency (OR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.11–3.65). Diverticulosis was associated with abdominal pain (OR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.01–4.36; P = .047) and diarrhea-predominant IBS (OR, 9.55; 95% CI, 1.08–84.08; P = .04) in participants older than 60 years. The presence of anxiety and depression and self-rated health were similar in participants with and without diverticulosis. Conclusions: The prevalence of diverticulosis is age-dependent. Diverticulosis is associated with diarrhea in subjects across all age ranges. In subjects older than age 60, diverticulosis is associated with abdominal pain and diarrhea-predominant IBS/]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:40:52 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:27286 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:40:21 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:27354 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:39:39 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:27385 -6) was sought in 10,617 participants of European descent, 3811 African-Americans, and 1561 young adults. Results: rs4420638, near APOE, was associated with poorer delayed recall performance in discovery (p = 5.57 x 10^-10) and replication cohorts (p = 5.65 x 10^-8). This association was stronger for paragraph than word list delayed recall and in the oldest persons. Two associations with specific tests, in subsets of the total sample, reached genome-wide significance in combined analyses of discovery and replication (rs11074779 [HS3ST4], p = 3.11 x 10^-8, and rs6813517 [SPOCK3], p = 2.58 x 10^-8) near genes involved in immune response. A genetic score combining 58 independent suggestive memory risk variants was associated with increasing Alzheimer disease pathology in 725 autopsy samples. Association of memory risk loci with gene expression in 138 human hippocampus samples showed cis-associations with WDR48 and CLDN5, both related to ubiquitin metabolism. Conclusions: This largest study to date exploring the genetics of memory function in ~40,000 older individuals revealed genome-wide associations and suggested an involvement of immune and ubiquitin pathways.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:34:11 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:23724 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:16:57 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:23838 Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection may be declining but there is a lack of recent longitudinal population studies. We evaluated the changing epidemiology over a 23-year period in Sweden. Materials and methods: In 1989, the validated Abdominal Symptom Questionnaire (ASQ) was mailed to a random sample of inhabitants (ages 22-80 years) in a Swedish community, and 1097 (87%) responded. H. pylori serology was analysed in a representative subsample (n = 145). Twenty-three years later, the ASQ was mailed again using similar selection criteria, and 388 out of 1036 responders had an upper endoscopy with assessment of H. pylori and corpus atrophy status. Results: The prevalence of positive H. pylori serology decreased from 37.9% (1989) to 15.8% (2012), corresponding to a decrease in odds of 75% per decade (odds ratio (OR): 0.25; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.11-0.59, p = 0.001) independent of age, gender, body mass index (BMI) and level of education, with a pattern consistent with a birth cohort effect. The prevalence increased with increasing age (p = 0.001). The prevalence of H. pylori on histology in 2012 was 11.4% (95% CI 8.6-15.0). The prevalence of corpus atrophy on serology and/or histology in 2012 was 3.2% (95% CI 1.8-5.5); all cases were ≥57 years old. Conclusion: The stomach is healthier in 2012 compared with 1989. H. pylori prevalence in adults has decreased over the last two decades to a level where clinical management might be affected.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:12:10 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:53921 Mon 22 Jan 2024 16:42:54 AEDT ]]>